Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and A...

It is best to analyze the works, Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, applying the historical and cultural conditions of the society in which they were produced. The relations between groups and classes of people that imperialism sets up, and that these two works explore, starkly reveals the contradictions within capitalism in a way that a similar piece of fiction set within one culture and dealing with characters from that culture alone cannot. Prior to the analysis however, I would like to give a brief, pertinent explanation of the Marxist approach to the analysis of literature and of the terms I will be using. After years of study and research, Karl Marx published the first volume of his monumental Das Kapital in 1867. In it†¦show more content†¦Marx did not use the word imperialism but he did have theories about the impact of European capitalism on non-European pre-capitalist societies (Brewer, 27) and these were developed by later writers like Vladimir Lenin in his work Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. Lenin describes imperialism as the product of highly developed industrial capitalism. It consists in the striving of every industrial capitalist nation to bring under its control or to annex larger and larger areas of...territory, irrespective of what nations inhabit those regions (155). Though this imperial relationship between Europe and the under-developed world as defined by Lenin is certainly detectable in the historical settings of both Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, the specific conditions, areas of the world, and historical time frames represented i n each work are divergent enough to make a more specialized definition helpful. Achille Lorias article written in 1907 in which he distinguishes between two kinds of imperialism, and quoted here from Bernard Semmels book Imperialism and Social Reform, is particularly useful: Achille Loria...drew portraits of what he called economic imperialism and commercial imperialism. The first he described as violent annexation on the part of old and well-populated states of thinly populated states which because of special conditions- tropical climate, forShow MoreRelated The Lie of Imperialism Exposed in Literature Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pagesconcerning colonialism, then a comparative study of colonial and postcolonial works is essential for attaining a full understanding of the far-reaching effects of European imperialism (Groden and Kreiswirth 582). Reading colonial literature in dialogue with postcolonial literature engenders a more complete interpretation of the effects of imperialism by creating a point of reference from which to begin the revelation and the healing of cultural wounds resultant from European colonialism. PostcolonialRead More The Power of Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India Essay2845 Words   |  12 PagesThe Power of Heart of Dar kness and A Passage to India      Ã‚  Ã‚   John A. McClure writes in Kipling and Conrad that as the twentieth century opened, the artists and intellectuals of the age increasingly came to believe that imperial rule, if inevitable in the short run, was an inglorious enterprise that deformed both those who ruled and those who submitted (153). Joseph Conrad and E. M. Forster were among these artists and each expressed their misgivings about the inglorious enterpriseRead MoreConcept of Imperialism1392 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true? Rudyard Kiplings The White mans burden seems to be an ironic condemnation of imperialism. Whilst most Westerners of the viewed imperialism as a necessary fact and as a boon to the savages, Kipling was a pre-contemporary in more ways than one and saw the Whites as simply one more other race populating the world. The White manRead MoreRepresentation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay4463 Words   |  18 Pagesthrough language . It is the link between concepts and language which enables us to refer to either the real world of objects or imaginary world of fictional objects, people and events. The relation between things concepts and signs lies at the heart of the production of meaning in language. The process which links these three elements together is what we call representation†. (1997:19) . Read MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 PagesInsurgency 1.1 A Passage to India and the Relations of Power http://www.booksstream.com/download.html?did=1477 http://alexandra.ahlamontada.com/ https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B1aTtQv_UQVmN1BHZ1NjNzhwNGsusp=sharing https://muslimhands.org.uk/donate/orphans/227133-nada-abdeen?p=10 --------------------------------- http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/companions/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139001359 the Cambridge companion to E.M.Forster ------------------------------------------------Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesat â€Å"nuclear politics,† which encompasses both state initiatives and popular dissent, in former but diminished national great powers such as France and Great Britain and in emerging and aspiring high-tech states of very different sorts in Israel, India, and China. Equally impressive in terms of the global range of questions they include, Hecht and Edwards look at the impact of the nuclear nations’ quest for viable, stable sources of uranium and sites for testing nuclear devices in locales as disparateRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesganja-smoking illiterates who were of no value to society. Teachers, students, ofï ¬ ce workers, and anyone of social importance could not grow locks, and families would go into mourning when their sons would start sprouting them. I heard the term â€Å"black heart man† used again and again as a means of expressing fear or ridicule of the Rastafarian. And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergence as an international viii FOREWORD star, after Selassies arrival in Jamaica, and afterRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesunderstandings of organization culture Creating a culture that gives meaning to work Developing understanding of culture Developing a ‘practical theory’ of organizational culture The vehicles of culture The processes of the communication of culture The ‘heart of culture’ A tale of two cultures How neo-modernist organization theory develops challenges in the design of organizations The processual perspective Design and development Conclusions: does neo-modernist organization theory exercise challenges for

Aluminum vs Aluminium Element Names

Aluminum and aluminium are two names for element 13 on the periodic table. In both cases, the element symbol is Al, although Americans and Canadians spell and pronounce the name aluminum, while the British (and most of the rest of the world) use the spelling and pronunciation of aluminium. Origin of Two Names The origin of the two names may be attributable to elements discoverer, Sir Humphry Davy, Websters Dictionary, or the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of the metal in alum, which he at first named alumium and later aluminum. Davy proposed the name aluminum when referring to the element in his 1812 book Elements of Chemical Philosophy, despite his previous use of alumium. The official name  aluminium was adopted to conform with the -ium names of most other elements. The 1828 Websters Dictionary used the aluminum spelling, which it maintained in later editions. In 1925, the American Chemical Society (ACS) decided to go from aluminium back to the original aluminum, putting the United States in the aluminum group. In recent years, the IUPAC had identified aluminium as the proper spelling, but it didnt catch on in North America, since the ACS used aluminum. The  IUPAC  periodic table presently lists both spellings and says both words are perfectly acceptable.   History of the Element Guyton de Morveau (1761) called alum, a base which had been known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, by the name alumine. Davy identified the existence of aluminum, but he didnt isolate the element. Friedrich Wà ¶hler isolated aluminum in 1827 by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium. Actually, though, the metal was produced two years earlier, though in impure form, by the Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted. Depending on your source, the discovery of aluminum is credited to either Ørsted or Wà ¶hler. The person who discovers an element gets the privilege of naming it; however, with this element, the identity of the discoverer is as disputed as the name. Correct Spelling The IUPAC has determined either spelling is correct and acceptable. However, the accepted spelling in North America is aluminum, while the accepted spelling just about everywhere else is aluminium.

Social Networking Addiction Free Essays

The last decade witnessed an explosion of social networks such as Myspace and Facebook, which added a new social dimension to the web. While such networks have made people, communities and groups with shared interests stay more â€Å"connected,† Internet addiction and social network addiction in particular also started being recognized as psychological disorders all over the world. While several 90? studies focused on Internet addiction, the next decade saw the growth of a new addiction related to all manner of social networking sites, especially the current king of the jungle: Facebook. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a recent study from the University of Athens, Greek psychiatrists argued that a woman who had gone as far as losing her job on account of her compulsion to check and update her Facebook, could be identified as a â€Å"social network addict. † Of course, there are different levels of social network addiction. Another recent study carried out at a Czech University analyzed Facebook-related academic procrastination. Though based on a sample too small to draw any general conclusions, one interesting finding of the research was that people tended to be unaware of just how much time they really spent on Facebook, and the effect this might have on their academic performance. On the other hand, it has been noted that there may be a correlation between low self-esteem and a sense of social inadequacy and social network addiction. It seems that many types of social interaction which would present great challenges in the real world for certain types of individuals have been rendered much easier for them in the virtual world, thus putting them at a higher risk of becoming addicted to Facebook and the like. A Mexican study found that Facebook addicts (a category defined by reportedly spending over four hours everyday on Facebook) had a higher incidence of depression and lower physical and general self-esteem levels than less frequent Facebook users. There are many factors that determine the characteristics of Internet and social network addictions in different parts of the world. The nature and scope of these problems are not only affected by technological advancement and the number of computers connected to the Internet per capita and other such quantitative data, but cultural factors are also key in determining the local incidence of these addictions. While social network addiction is not included in the DSM IV, many researchers advocated its inclusion in DSM V, which is currently under way. For example, in a 2008 editorial for the American Journal of Psychiatry, IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder) inclusion advocate Dr. Jerald Block cited the case of South Korea, stating that: After a series of 10 cardiopulmonary-related deaths in Internet cafes  and a game-related murder, South Korea considers Internet addiction one of its most serious public health issues. Using data from 2006, the South Korean government estimates that approximately 210,000 South Korean children (2. %; ages 6–19) are afflicted and require treatment. About 80% of those needing treatment may need psychotropic medications, and perhaps 20% to 24% require hospitalization. Since the average South Korean high school student spends about 23 hours each week gaming, another 1. 2 million are believed to be at risk for addiction and to require basic counseling. In particular, therapists worry about the increasing number of individuals dropping out from school or work to spend time on computers. As of June 2007, South Korea has trained 1,043 counselors in the treatment of Internet addiction and enlistedover 190 hospitals and treatment centers. Nevertheless, the DSMV V draft released earlier this year revealed â€Å"work group members decided there was insufficient research data† to include Internet addiction in the newly created â€Å"behavioral addictions† category. It has been over 13 years since pioneer Kimberley S. Young adapted the DSM IV criteria for gambling addictions to define Internet addiction. While her proposed diagnosis criteria have virally spread (to use a familiar term related to social networking) all over the world, it seems that the scientific community is not yet ready to reach a consensus as to what this type of addiction entails. Social networks have changed the ways we interact with each other enormously. One thing that has changed dramatically is the concept of meeting people. This was brought to my attention a couple of weeks ago, when I met a musician for the first time, whom I had casually crossed online a couple of times. Oddly enough, none of us acted as if this were a â€Å"first meeting. † Another thing that called my attention was when another musician said from the stage â€Å"thank you for coming; because a lot of people say they are attending on Facebook but they never show up. † This also made me think about how much time we are devoting to talking about Facebook, even when we are offline, and how many times we log on to Facebook to show our friends something, even during actual person-to-person meetings or social gatherings. Every drug has a gratification component, and, if social networks are causing an addiction, they must have one too. A very interesting study from the University of Bath tried to identify these gratifications, concluding that: Users derive a variety of uses and gratifications from social networking sites, including traditional content gratification alongside building social capital, communication, surveillance and social networking surfing. The different uses and gratifications relate differentially to patterns of usage, with social connection gratifications tending to lead to increased frequency of use, and content gratifications to increased time spent on the site. While the incidence of social network addictions in other parts of the world may not be as dramatic as Internet gaming addictions, for example, seem to be in some Asian countries, the rapid growth of social networks both in reach and in the number of interaction possibilities, poses new problems everyday for the elaboration of solid diagnostic criteria. From academic procrastination to social impairment as far as real physical interactions are concerned, diminished productivity at work and physical problems associated with a sedentary lifestyle; there seem to be enough problems related to Internet and social network addictions to give researchers enough to work on for many years to come. References Karaiskos, D. , Tzavellas, E. , Balta, G. , Paparrigopoulos, T. (2010). P02-232 – Social network addiction : a new clinical disorder? European Psychiatry, 25, 855-855 DOI:10. 1016/S0924-9338(10)70846-4 Holbova, P. Academic procrastination on Facebook. Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Herrera, M. , Pacheco, M. , Palomar, J. , Zavala, D. Facebook Addiction Related to Low Self-Esteem, Depression and Lack of  Social Skills. Psicologia Iberoamericana,  Vol. 18 No. 1 (2010). Block, J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction  American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 306-307 DOI:  10. 1176/appi. ajp. 2007. 07101556 Report on the American Psychiatric Association’s revisions for DSM V. YOUNG, K. (1998). Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical DisorderCyberPsychology Behavior, 1  (3), 237-244 DOI:  10. 1089/cpb. 1998. 1. 237 How to cite Social Networking Addiction, Papers

Marketing Strategy and Plan Impression Management

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy and Plan of Impression Management. Answer: Background/Objectives With its thought-provoking, unconventional and sarcastic ethos, Vice has been able to give rise to a number of business lines. The businesses include online ventures with news channels, youth culture and music. Other partnerships include tie up with YouTube, Intel, Williamsburg coffee shop and a London pub. Shane Smith and Suroosh Alvi are the two founders of Vice and have established themselves in the field without any formal business training (Vice, 2016). Suroosh Alvi was born and brought up in a house that was full of immigrants from Pakistan. On the other hand, Smith is also a son of the immigrants and his parents hailed from Ireland. The main characteristics of Vice are that it does not flaunt good-looking offices and encourage free flow of ideas. Vice started as newsprint as the voice of Montreal but later moved on to New York City. Vice is known to have a hierarchical structure in the organization, yet the ideas in the organization moved from top to down and from bottom to up. The employees at Vice were extremely loyal to the organization mainly because of the leader who took care of the employees. During the economic crisis in the year 2008, when other companies were unable to carry out the business, Vice supported the employees as well as their families. Due to the positive attitude of the leaders, the employee stated with the organization in spite of being offered high salaries at other organizations. External Analysis Pest Political The political condition of the United States is quite stable and hence it would not be an issue in the home country. However, Vice should keep in mind the legal structure and laws where they are venturing. As Vice is mainly dealing with the online content, the laws should be given special attention (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Economic The economic condition of the United States is stable. Hence, Vice would not have to think about the economic conditions of the united states. However, even a country like Unites States has suffered recession and economic crisis. Thus, Vice should be prepared for any such crisis and plan the business accordingly so that it is able to face any such crisis in the future (Hutt Speh, 2012). Social The content of the online videos should be given special care. As the business of Vice is spread throughout the world, hence the cultural inclination of the people at various countries should be kept in mind. At times, a misbalance in the social front, lands a company into trouble (Hitt Ireland Hoskisson, 2012) Technological The software that are used to make the online content as well as upload the online content changes at a regular basis. Thus, Vice should keep a constant check on the latest software available so that it is able to high quality video content to the people in the United States. In addition to this, hackers are always prying for any leak (Kapferer, 2012). Hence, Vice should update itself with security services so that the hackers are not able to tarnish the image of the organization. Porters Analysis Industry rivalry The existing organizations are always looking forward to update themselves with the latest changes in the organization (Mudie Pirrie, 2012). As a result, it could be seen that the rate of the rivalry among the existing organization will be high. As all the organizations are constantly upgrading themselves and looking forward to a better pricing strategy hence, stiff competition will always be faced among the companies that are operating in the market. It is expected that the competition will be more mainly because of the price rather than the quality of the video that will be given to the customers. Threat of new entrants The online news and entertainment organization is growing at a steep rate and hence, the threat of new entrants will be high at any point of time (Huotari Hamari, 2012). Thus, Vice should always keep itself updated with the latest changes in the technology so that the new entrants will not be able surpass the business of Vice. Threat of substitution However, newspapers are old-fashioned, yet there is a huge population even in a developed country like the United States that rely on the newspapers. In addition to this, the presence of television at home and at the workplace keeps the people updated about the latest happenings (Terpstra Foley, Sarathy, 2012). Bargaining power of the buyers There are already a number of companies present in the United States that deal with the online news content. Hence, the bargaining power of the buyers is high. The customers will drift away to those companies, which will offer the content at a lesser price than vice (Rosenbloom, 2012). Hence, Vice will have to plan their products intelligently. Bargaining power of the suppliers The bargaining power of the suppliers will be relatively less and there will be a good number of suppliers present in the market of a developed country. As the online news and entertainment companies are growing, hence more suppliers will come into play in such a situation (Shani Chalasani, 2013). Thus, the companies will have more choice of suppliers. Thus, it is expected that the suppliers will provide the materials at a cheaper rate to stay afloat in the market. Competitor analysis Every organization functioning at any field will face the challenges from the competitors. Some of the strong competitors of vice are BuzzFeed and NowThisMedia (Cbinsights.com, 2016). BuzzFeed is a news and entertainment organization that mainly deals with the social news. It mainly deals with the online advertising with its content-driven publishing technology. Cbinsights.com also said that BuzzFeed reaches out to 150 million audiences with its breaking news, entertainment, video and original reporting that the users will be able to share in their favorite social media sites. NowThisMedia was formerly known as PlanetDaily network is also operates in the similar field as Vice and BuzzFeed. It creates video news for the mobiles and that will attract the youth. Kenneth Lerer, Huffington Post co-founder and former Chairman, founded the organization along with Eric Hippeau, former Huffington Post CEO and Brian Bedol who is the Bedrocket founder and CEO. As both organizations function in the similar field, hence, they will pose serious threats to the Vice. Key Success Factors The key success factor of Vice is the decision to concentrate on the taste and preference of the youth and make changes accordingly. Vice has been able to provide a platform where the youth could unite and share the views regarding the news that is being shared in the media (Terpstra Foley Sarathy, 2012). In addition to this, tying up with the investor was helpful for the organization. According to the case study, Vice has been working more realistically after the investors have started investing on them (Vice, 2016). Earlier, they mainly worked on instincts; however, after the advent of the investors, they are able to work in a better manner and with better corporate strategy. Thus, it should look out for more such partnerships so that they are able to grow internally with more number of employees. The employees will further help in the growth of the organization as a whole. Internal Marketing Analysis SWOT Strength The biggest strength of Vice is the relation of the leaders with the employees (Meffert, 2013). During the economic crisis in the year 2008, the leader supported the employees and in turn got the support of the employees on a long-term basis. As far as the customers are concerned, they get high quality video content from the organization and they are able to access that free of cost (Fisk, 2013). The customers are happy, as they do not have to pay the extra charge for accessing any video. Weakness The main weakness in Vice is the poor planning during the expansion (Selnes, 2013). Vice planned to expand the business in Europe and Asia. Bulgaria and Romania could not support the huge business of vie. In addition to this, Japan, which was mainly interested in fashion, halted its partnership with Vice when vice shifted from the fashion base. Opportunities Once the employees will be happy working with the organization, they will stay with the company for a long-term basis (Czinkota, Ronkainen, 2013). Hence, Vice will not have to indulge in frequent recruitment to keep the organization going. Threats There are number companies in the United States that work in the media field. As there will be stiff competition among the companies, hence the presence of other media houses will pose as threats to the organization (Davis, 2013). While exploring the international market, Vice had to face the companies who are successful players in the international market (Lusch, Vargo, 2014). It would be a threat for Vice, as they had to tackle local companies and then launch their own business (Papadopoulos, Heslop, 2014). Market Analysis The strategic planning done by Vice helped the organization to grow at a fast rate. 21st century fox invested $70 million in the operations of Vice. In the year, 2012, Vice was already gaining good amount of revenue of $175 million. The company said that the growth already started in the year 2008. With the help of the investors, Vice had been able to grow further. With the help of the investors, Vice not only grew externally but internally as well. In 2008, Vice worked with 100 employees and by the end of the year 2013, it increased to 350. However, with the growth of the number of employees, they also had to enhance the standard of work among the employees. The leaders at Vice agreed with the fact that the before the advent of the investors in their field of work, the organization used to work with reactive, organic and instinctive approach. However, after the advent of the investors they work in a realistic manner by maintaining the culture and enthusiasm at the same time. In spit e of expanding its business globally, Vice kept a check on the content of the magazine. In the year 2013, it was evaluated that 80 percent of the online content was global and the remaining 20 percent of the content was local. The Williamsburg office decided about the global content of vice. 4 Ps People The business of the organization is mainly directed towards the people who are within the age of 18 to 34 years. The people within this age group mainly prefer to keep up with the latest happenings in the world (Foxall, 2014). In addition to this, of the customers are able to get the videos free of cost. Place The headquarters of Vice is in the United States and it has spread its business in international location as well. The business has spread to United Kingdom, France, Italy, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa and Japan. Thus, marketing at the different places should be done in a different manner to satisfy the taste and preference of the customers (Wilson, Gilligan, 2012). Promotion As the business of the company is mainly based on the web content and online media, hence the perfect way of marketing will be through the online sites. Hence, personalized e-mail will be the best-suited method that will help the organization to make its presence felt in the competitive market (Hutt Speh, 2012). Price The main source of revenue for Vice is the price of the online content, the price of the advertisement in the print magazines and through the fees that is earned by the advertising agencies, Virtue and AdVice. However, the pricing is done by keeping in mind the pricing strategy of the competitors in the local as well as in the global locations (Hitt Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). Market Segmentation The market of Vice will be segmented by keeping mind the youth and the working class who would prefer to get the news while they are travelling for business or for personal reasons (Kapferer, 2012). The division of the age between 18 to 34 years would be perfect for Vice. The younger generations like to get the news and want to see the actions that happened at the real location. Thus, the online news video will be famous among the youth as they might not like to read it from the newspapers and might prefer to see it online. The inclination of the younger generation towards the online content will help voice gain business from the young crowd (Mudie Pirrie, 2012). On the other hand, the working population likes to refer to the online news to get an idea about latest happenings in the world. When on one hand, the younger generation might not be ready to pay for the video contents; on the contrary, the working population will not have any issue for paying for the video contents (Huotar i Hamari, 2012). Hence, segmenting the market and concentrating on the working population will help the organization gain proper revenue from the market. Alternatives Recommendations and Action Plan While working in the online world, at times organization loses touch with the normal world. Hence, to create awareness among the minds of the people, one alternative for Vice can be to promote itself through a medium that is different from the print and online media. Hence, it is recommended that Vice should take initiative in television and other way of spreading the news. When they are concentrating on the younger generation for the business, hence they can tie up with the colleges and other educational institutions and promote themselves among that population. In addition to this, Vice will be able to attract the teachers and faculties of the institutions. Thus, it will help them expand their area of business among the teachers as well. The second alternative to promote the organization in a new manner will be by going back to the basics. Vice has already established itself through the glossy magazines, but if they publish newspapers, it will help them to connect with all types of customers. They can either publish online newspaper and can take initiative to print newspapers. Hence, it is recommended for Vice to explore different kinds of field rather than sticking to the one type of media to promote itself. Action plan Action Area Tasks People responsible for the tasks Resources needed Expected outcome Timeline Educational institutions To promote themselves in the educational institutions with the content video The marketing department Online resources mainly that will have the information regarding the educational institutions working in the market Will be able to make the teachers understand the importance of video news in the lives of the students and how it will help them in their curriculum 2 months Print media ( not magazines but only newspapers) Research the newspapers that are currently performing well in the market. The market research team and the marketing department Online resources that will have the information regarding the famous news papers in the market. Will gain a good amount of knowledge regarding the newspaper and then launch the newspaper accordingly 1 month References Cbinsights.com. (2016).Vice Media Competitors - CB Insights. [online] Available at: https://www.cbinsights.com/company/vice-media-competitors [Accessed 1 Jul. 2016]. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Davis, A. (2013).Just enough requirements management: where software development meets marketing. Addison-Wesley. Fisk, R. P. (2013).lmpression management 26 in services marketing: a dramaturgical perspective.Impression management in the organization, 427. Foxall, G. (2014).Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Huotari, K., Hamari, J. (2012, October). Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. InProceeding of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference(pp. 17-22). ACM. Hutt, M. D., Speh, T. W. (2012).Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Kapferer, J. N. (2012).The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Meffert, H. (2013).Marketing-Management: AnalyseStrategieImplementierung. Springer-Verlag. Mudie, P., Pirrie, A. (2012).Services marketing management. Routledge. Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. (2014).Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Rosenbloom, B. (2012).Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Selnes, F. (2013). An examination of the effect of product performance on brand reputation, satisfaction and loyalty.Journal of Product Brand Management. Shani, D., Chalasani, S. (2013). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. Vice. (2016).VICE | United States | The Definitive Guide to Enlightening Information. [online] Available at: https://www.vice.com/en_us [Accessed 1 Jul. 2016]. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.