Influence of Mass Media on Teenagers

Impact of Mass Media on Teenagers Broad communications assumes a critical job in today’s world. It communicates informationas quick as conceivable also gives amusement to gigantic crowds. Broad communications involves press, TV, radio, books and the Internet. Media is one of the most compelling parts of our lives. By making a specific sort of message, media can control people’s demeanor and conclusions. Throughout the years, as innovative advances have occurred this kind of correspondence has gotten exceptionally simple and plausible to have. Pretty much every family unit presently possesses a web association, TV or a mobile phone and so forth. This has prompted an across the board utilization of broad communications, particularly among the youngsters. The way that in the past the web, TV and mobile phones were viewed as a need yet now they appear to be to a greater extent an item youngsters appear to be dependent on basically clarifies that there will undoubtedly be a drawback to the impact broad communications has on teenagers. The young people of today appear to be excessively charmed in viewing their preferred shows on TV or utilizing internet based life applications on their telephones or PCs that they are gradually putting some distance between the real world. They have gotten dependent. There are numerous outcomes to this undesirable enslavement. One gets sluggish and doesn't want to get up and accomplish something profitable. It prompts heftiness and sleepiness. It additionally prompts unfortunate utilization of garbage or inexpensive food. I state this from my own understanding, as I generally want to have pizza or chips alongside a refreshment when I’m watching a show or a film. Youngsters additionally will in gene ral go through hours over the web communicating with outsiders who could act like a danger as it is anything but difficult to counterfeit a personality over the web. They would particularly incline toward utilizing Facebook, Twitter or Tumblr and so forth as opposed to contemplating or doing an open air movement. Along these lines, this habit can be extremely damaging. â€Å"A cross sectional examination was done in Spain in 2003 to characterize broad communications use in young people (TV, cell phones, PCs, Internet and computer games) and to inspect its effect on adolescents wellbeing and improvement. The information gathered depended on an example of 884 young people between the ages of 14 and 18 years. The example was recovered from secondary schools dwelling in six towns in Cantabria (Spain). The outcomes demonstrated that all young people had a TV at home and 24% of the families possessed at least four TV sets. The nearness of broad communications in teenagers’ rooms w as 52.5% for TV sets, 52% for the web, 57.8% for PCs, and 38.7% for gaming supports. The most every now and again discovered media in their rooms were tape/radio players and conservative circles with rates of 76.8 % and 67.4 %, individually. Moreover, young people went through on normal 3 hours on TV on weekdays and 3.2 on ends of the week. They went through 0.69 hours on normal on weekdays and 1.09 hours toward the end of the week. On web they went through on normal 0.83 hours on the weekdays and 1.15 hours toward the end of the week. Different consequences of the examination indicated that about 87.2 % of the youngsters claimed a mobile phone. The normal age at which they got their first telephone was 13 years of age. Practically a large portion of the young people (46.4 %) took their cell phones to secondary school and announced that they had a normal of three cell phones at home. Likewise the majority of them (82.1 %) rode the web however young men favored surfing and downloadin g games while young ladies favored talking and sending messages. Sixty-two percent of the adolescents had been to a cybercafã © and 40.8 % had visited an explicit site, particularly young men (33.1 % of young men versus 7.7 % of young ladies; p Broad communications is a useful asset to impact the brains of anybody, not to mention a young person. Youngsters are in that phase of growing up where everything around them impacts them. The manner in which they talk, dress and act relies a great deal upon what they are presented to. For instance, if a young person sees their preferred big name supporting an item which could conceivably be fundamental, the individual might need to get it paying little heed to how helpful the item is. This is a procedure numerous enormous organizations use for their potential benefit as they can without much of a stretch sell items, regardless of whether they are of terrible quality. â€Å"Advertising is an exceptionally manipulative procedure to advance items. Extraordinary consideration should be paid to advertising’s impacts. Three item classes are particularly significant for teens’ wellbeing: cigarettes, mixed refreshments, and food. As indicated by the teenager showcasing specialists, young people â€Å"admit that promoting is a more significant pattern source than DJs, VJs, motion pictures, famous people, or the coolest and most bizarre individuals at school† (P, 1995). We should be alert about the impacts of promoting that intentionally misuse the uncertainties of youths and endeavor to â€Å"sell† them the solutions to their issues with a bounty of new items. TV is a medium people broadly now have simple access to. These days, there are numerous shows, for example, Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones and Da Vinci’s Demons and so on TV that celebrate sex, medications, liquor and viciousness. Web based gushing and downloading has made it significantly progressively helpful to watch shows and movies which implies that youngsters have simpler access to their preferred shows that contain foulness. This sort of introduction acts like a danger the same number of young people discover sex, drugs, liquor, smoking and savagery to be â€Å"cool†. Accordingly, numerous youngsters fall prey to issue of dependence. Medications, liquor, smoking and sex are totally named as things that are addictive and on the off chance that one builds up the issue of compulsion, life turns out to be extremely difficult to adapt to. It’s like you are moving towards your own annihilation. It must be a serious test for youths not to see depictions of liquor in their ordinary utilization of the media. Liquor shows up in over 70% of prime-time TV programs and in 90% of the movies† (Roberts DF, Henriksen L, Christenson PG, 1999). More prominent than 33% of every primary character drink liquor, yet less than 2% are appeared as tending to drink too much (N, 1987). Promoting joins liquor with an assortment of advantages that intrigue to youngsters, for example, mingling, virility, sexual fascination, sentiment, departure, and experience (Atkin CK, Strasberger VC, Comstock GA (eds), 1993), and not many results (e.g., headaches, mishaps, savagery, and humiliation). Liquor publicizing additionally regularly speaks to cuts of life that focus on the consumers and the drinking events as opposed to on the characteristics of the item itself, which might be especially engaging youngsters who are utilizing the media for thoughts regarding how to be on the planet. Computer games are boundlessly played by the adolescents of today. The computer games are exceptionally addictive also contain a great deal of develop content. In US about 97% of the adolescents play computer games. The neighborhood computer game industry over yonder gets almost an income of $12 billion every year. Numerous examinations have demonstrated that computer games with rough substance are related with brutal conduct. This worry is significant on the grounds that the vast majority of the well known computer games contain viciousness. The expansion in forceful conduct is incompletely connected to the measure of time youngsters spend on playing computer games. (Gentile Anderson, 2003) have expressed that playing computer games may increment forceful conduct in light of the fact that brutal demonstrations are much of the time rehashed all through the computer game. This procedure of reiteration has for quite some time been considered as a powerful showing technique in fortifyin g learning designs. Another examination did in 2008 took a broadly agent test of 1,102 youths between the ages of 12 and 17 and their folks. From the outcomes, it was discovered that 97 percent of the youthful respondents play computer games. Further partitioned based on sexual orientation, 99 percent of young men and 94 percent of young ladies played computer games. A large portion of the respondents had likewise played a computer game the earlier day. This underlines on how every now and again they are presented to video games. Despite the fact that most guardians checked the censor’s rating before allowing their kid to get it, 50 percent of young men and 14 percent of young ladies favored games with â€Å"Mature† (M) or Adult-just (AO) rating, which suggests a serious extent of presentation to vulgarity. (Irvine, 2008) This inclination is because of the effect of broad communications. It is gradually turning into a standard that youngsters are presented to such stuff at such a delicate when they are learning things that shape up their character. This is the reason such introduction can be harming. I know individuals who like go to gatherings, and smoke since it is something everybody does or something that you calmly observe on TV or in computer games. Since media can control people’s brain and mentalities, it likewise impacts sexual orientation generalizations. Promoting, news ventures and amusement, for the most part depict people with generalizations, in which ladies and young ladies are probably going to be set in distraught circumstances, for instance detached and agreeable jobs. This happens a ton in underdeveloped nations for example Pakistan. A few TV shows and plugs show ladies typically assuming the job of a housewife while men are demonstrated to be more profession situated, concentrating on their occupations. As a result, conventional sex jobs and force relations have been profoundly attributed in people’s sub-awareness through the broad communications which constrains the improvement of human characters just as social correspondence. At the point when adolescents take a gander at promotions, TV shows or movies, they are presented to pictures of cliché portrayals. This generalizing can be seen for all age s. For instance, you can see young ladies playing with Barbie Dolls and Teddy bears or having casual get-togethers while young men are indicated playing with activity figures. Male adolescents are generally depicted as energetic though female youngsters are appeared as young ladies who have enthusiasm for style. Ladies are all the more frequently introduced in comme

Evaluating the Results of School Administration and Supervision Free Essays

Educ. 207 Evaluating the Results of School Administration and Supervision Organizational assessment or appraisal estimates think about and dissect the rationality among results and explicit destinations, and between explicit goals and general targets of institutional activities, projects or plans. Assessment is a significant part of improving the organization in any association. We will compose a custom paper test on Assessing the Results of School Administration and Supervision or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now It assumes a significant job in helping the directors to improve the productivity and adequacy in their tasks. It can go about as an instrument to make certainty and produce backing of the individuals for inquire about projects, and set forth their exercises in a straightforward and successful manner to its investors. Contingent on the hour of assessment, it can either be Ex-risk assessment or Ex-post assessment. At the point when the assessment has been directed previously or during the usage of an assignment, it is known as Ex-bet assessment. Ex-post assessment is done after an assignment is finished. Assessment in an association can be done in a coordinated structure or as for specific offices. At the point when it is done for the whole association, the outcome is advised with objectives and goals and the nature of the outcome is adjusted with foreordained principles. At the point when it is done independently for every division, it is important to decide the significance of the errand performed and pretended in the outcome by the particular office. Coordination between various divisions is consistently a significant part of any assessment procedure. Correspondence inside the working environment ought to for the most part be followed with legitimate conventions, however it ought to be start to finish and the other way around. Flat correspondence ought to likewise be advanced in a viable way. The three indispensable components in an assessment procedure are the association, the appraisal group and the workers who utilize the evaluation results. To adequately do the assessment procedure, the appraisal group must know about force chains of command, dynamic arrangements, authoritative culture and other interior and outside complexities. Associations ought to give formal training to an appraisal group before doing any assessment. Representative appraisal assumes an essential job in building a decent compatibility and welcoming relations between the administration and the workers. Representative assessment ought to be done in a well disposed environment with least conventions. They ought to be allowed a chance to stand up transparently. Meetings can be directed in a casual and unstructured way to measure the worker fulfillment level. Individuals like acknowledgment for the work they do and generally wish to discuss it. They like to share their issues, clashes, recognitions and accomplishments. Educ. 07 Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers A perfect educator is the one we regard from our heart. He/she goes about as a manual for the understudies, while not pushing them to an extreme. Such an ideal propels them and lifts their assurance. He/she attempts to support the understudies and shuns reprimanding them. The ideal instructor wants to give positive inspiration to his/her understudies. His/her remarks are consistently valuable in nature. He/she fills in as our companion, direct, teacher, comrade, and a mix of all the great characteristics one can forces. Such an educator shapes the whole existence of the understudies. On the off chance that everybody in this world gets a perfect instructor, he/she won’t need to think back in his/her life ever. Considering the way that understudies spend an extraordinary piece of their life at school, one may arrive at resolution that schools contribute fundamentally into by and large ‘quality’ of students’ lives. No big surprise that character of an instructor is of urgent significance; additionally, a few educators transform into critical individuals for the entire life because of the effect they make while educating us. It is acceptable if this effect is certain and brings inspiration for understudies, in any case, it at times happens that instructors figure out how to ruin state of mind of an understudy as well as meddle into inner world, leaving horrendous remnant there. That is the reason the explanation that, â€Å"What the instructor is, is a higher priority than what he teaches†, communicated by Karl Menninger is extremely honest. Question of teacher’s morals has been on the motivation since instructors showed up and it is as yet essential to discuss that. Instructors are the individuals, who should serve for understudies as instances of high training as well as of better than average conduct also. That is the reason every infringement of teacher’s morals may cause some extremely genuine outcomes and transform into essential mix-ups. For instance, disregarding some understudy may prompt individual edifices in light of the fact that a youthful character will feel discouraged and disparaged. Obviously, much relies upon child’s family, encompassing, however as it was expressed from the earliest starting point school is where youngsters spend an incredible piece of their time and that’s why they are developing as characters at school. It is essential that they developed in a sound climate, encompassed by proficient educators that would have the option to give information as well as give exercises of morals as well. Educ. 207 BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR REFORM AGENDA ( BESRA ) The Department of Education is seeking after a bundle of strategy changes called the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) to expand upon the endeavors of the School First Initiative (SFI) and to make fundamental training part that is fit for accomplishing the Education for All (EFA) destinations by 2015. Endeavor centers around frameworks advancement, especially at the territorial level. The emotionally supportive networks which are being created will address the requirement for viable persistent utilization of promising task activities mainstreamed in DepED just as guarantee quality improvement forms inside the instruction framework itself. Endeavor centers around creating frameworks for BESRA territorial execution moored to the national strategy and structures. It is one of the vital roads to help the fruitful usage of BESRA. The usage of the BESRA was viewed as an invite move by many, both in the private and open division. A few milestone activities by the DepEd have been founded on the BESRA, for example, the standardization of multilingual instruction, the Third Elementary Education Project (TEEP), and the Secondary Education Development and Improvement Project (SEDIP). In any case, years after its first usage, huge numbers of the proposed changes have not been completely executed. As NicetoPoblador said in the segment â€Å"Beyond change, past transformation,† distributed in the Philippine Daily Inquirer last 25 January 2009, the essential block to any evident change in the instruction part was the obstruction of â€Å"entrenched components in the administration and by components outside the framework whose interests solidly lie on business as usual. † Poblador likewise summarizes Cynthia Bautista, a humanist at the University of the Philippines, saying that a large portion of the change recommendations that have been advanced (counting the BESRA, which was established on the exploration of outside gatherings) have been â€Å"externally produced. Since the proposition was â€Å"externally generated,† civil servants have the last say in the execution of these changes. Educ. 207 PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS OF DEPED Academics isn't the most important thing in the world of training. At DepED, we perceive that unadulterated study hall guidance can't completely fulfill the developing need to give understudies and understudies open doors for reasonable learning and appropriate directing of possibilities and premiums. Since we have faith in the significance of uncovering and getting ready youngsters to confront the real factors of life, we actualize different projects and ventures †the entirety of which, ideally, will support understudies and understudies become all the more balanced people and residents of our nation. A. Understudy TECHNOLOGISTS AND ENTREPRENEURS OF THE PHILIPPINES (STEP)                Establishment of STEP Organizations                Technical Conference and Training/Workshopâ                Skills Development and Competitionsâ                Awards Yearly Evaluation and Planning Conference and Workshop           B. Understudy GOVERNMENT PROGRAM (SGP) Synchronized Supreme Pupil/Student Government Elections                Supreme Student Governments Division, Regional and National Federations                National Leadership Training for Student Government Officers                Awards Youth Leadership Awards †Celebrity Edition Peer Counseling Program Training/Workshopâ â                National Federation of Supreme Student Governments Conferenceâ â                Annual Evaluation and Planning Conference and Workshop           C. YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COOPERATIVISM IN SCHOOLS (YECS)                Establishment of YECS Organizations                Training and Conference (Teen Negosyo)                Awards Moderators’ Training Annual Evaluation and Planning Conference and Workshop  â â â â â â â â D. YOUTH FOR ENVIRONMENT IN SCHOOLS (YES)                Establishment of YES Organizations  â â â ?

How Parental OCD Is Affecting Kids

How Parental OCD Is Affecting Kids OCD Living With OCD Print How Parental OCD Affects Kids By LuAnn Pierce, LCSW, is a licensed clinical social worker who has worked in the field of mental health and human services for over 25 years. Learn about our editorial policy LuAnn Pierce, LCSW Updated on September 19, 2019 Image Source / Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions People with postpartum OCD first experience symptoms right before or after childbirth. Some begin to have symptoms during pregnancy. Other parents may develop OCD symptoms when their children are a bit older and more independent. For these parents, the obsessive thoughts may begin when it is time for the child to go to daycare or attend school. Often this is the first time the child has been away from home and the close supervision of the parent(s).  Parents  may begin to obsess about contamination or their inability to ensure the child is safe or getting his/her needs met, among other things. For those who had OCD before their children were born, new thoughts or fears may arise. Even people who have been successfully managing their  OCD symptoms can relapse  if parental responsibilities  trigger new  intrusive thoughts.  During times of high stress or life transitions, breakthrough  symptoms can recur  with different obsessions and compulsions. Why Parental OCD Affects the Entire Family Black, Gaffney, Schlosser, and Gabel found in a two-year follow-up study that children with a parent who has OCD are more likely than others to develop social, behavioral or emotional conditions. Parents with OCD often experience problems in their own social, emotional and behavioral functioning. Jennifer Jencks, LICSW and Barbara Van Noppen, Ph.D. suggest in their article about accommodation that these problems also affect family functioning and may impact child development. They explain accommodation in the case of OCD to be ways in which the family intuitively supports the parent (reassurance, avoidance, etc.)  that may unintentionally reinforce his/her OCD. Accommodation is  one of the primary factors that predict the severity of OCD symptoms, according to Van Noppen and Steketee. Why OCD Reassurance Is Actually Harmful Treatment for Parental OCD   Treatment for parents with OCD is much like treatment for others with OCD. Ideally, anyone with OCD would get individual therapy based on the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) model. Most people respond well to a combination of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), a specific type of CBT, and traditional CBT to address the thoughts that drive  compulsions. ERP involves repeated exposure to the fear  without engaging in the behavior that is used to decrease anxiety. For example, a parent with  postpartum OCD  might be asked to observe  his/her child sleeping without placing a mirror by the child’s nose to ensure s/he is breathing  (or  any other ritual the parent may use to manage intrusive thoughts that the child might die in his/her sleep). The goal of ERP is to  realize that the anxiety will fade without engaging in the rituals or behaviors one generally uses to calm the fear and/or anxiety. Exposure Therapy for OCD Another component of therapy for parents with OCD is family therapy. It is important for family members to understand the disorder and ways they may inadvertently contribute to it. Children and spouses or partners learn how they  accommodate the parent with OCD, and new strategies to disengage in that behavior. By talking about these issues together, children and spouses/partners learn how to resist old behaviors and responses and replace them with new ones. The parent with OCD also learns from each family member how s/he feels when asked to engage in behaviors or rituals that are harmful to the parent. Medication is often used for the treatment of any type of OCD. It is necessary to work with a psychiatrist who can guide and direct your treatment, especially any medications you take. Antidepressants are often effective in the treatment of OCD. Finding the right medication at the correct dose can take a while, so follow through because good communication with the psychiatrist and therapist is critical. It is helpful to keep a log or journal of your symptoms to share with the doctor and therapist. This allows them to see patterns over time and tweak medication as needed. Get Help With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Self Help for Parental OCD Self-help and support groups are also beneficial for parents with OCD. Groups allow the members to learn from  those who share similar challenges, and to give back to others as  they learn to cope with their condition. Relaxation activities and mindfulness meditation are key to managing OCD and daily stress. Most researchers recommend these techniques for people suffering from this disorder. It is also essential to take care of your health, as physical health impacts mental health. Get plenty of sleep, eat nutritious foods and try to get some exercise most days. It is also helpful to avoid caffeine as it may contribute to anxiety. How to Cope With a Family Members OCD

Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and A...

It is best to analyze the works, Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, applying the historical and cultural conditions of the society in which they were produced. The relations between groups and classes of people that imperialism sets up, and that these two works explore, starkly reveals the contradictions within capitalism in a way that a similar piece of fiction set within one culture and dealing with characters from that culture alone cannot. Prior to the analysis however, I would like to give a brief, pertinent explanation of the Marxist approach to the analysis of literature and of the terms I will be using. After years of study and research, Karl Marx published the first volume of his monumental Das Kapital in 1867. In it†¦show more content†¦Marx did not use the word imperialism but he did have theories about the impact of European capitalism on non-European pre-capitalist societies (Brewer, 27) and these were developed by later writers like Vladimir Lenin in his work Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. Lenin describes imperialism as the product of highly developed industrial capitalism. It consists in the striving of every industrial capitalist nation to bring under its control or to annex larger and larger areas of...territory, irrespective of what nations inhabit those regions (155). Though this imperial relationship between Europe and the under-developed world as defined by Lenin is certainly detectable in the historical settings of both Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, the specific conditions, areas of the world, and historical time frames represented i n each work are divergent enough to make a more specialized definition helpful. Achille Lorias article written in 1907 in which he distinguishes between two kinds of imperialism, and quoted here from Bernard Semmels book Imperialism and Social Reform, is particularly useful: Achille Loria...drew portraits of what he called economic imperialism and commercial imperialism. The first he described as violent annexation on the part of old and well-populated states of thinly populated states which because of special conditions- tropical climate, forShow MoreRelated The Lie of Imperialism Exposed in Literature Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pagesconcerning colonialism, then a comparative study of colonial and postcolonial works is essential for attaining a full understanding of the far-reaching effects of European imperialism (Groden and Kreiswirth 582). Reading colonial literature in dialogue with postcolonial literature engenders a more complete interpretation of the effects of imperialism by creating a point of reference from which to begin the revelation and the healing of cultural wounds resultant from European colonialism. PostcolonialRead More The Power of Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India Essay2845 Words   |  12 PagesThe Power of Heart of Dar kness and A Passage to India      Ã‚  Ã‚   John A. McClure writes in Kipling and Conrad that as the twentieth century opened, the artists and intellectuals of the age increasingly came to believe that imperial rule, if inevitable in the short run, was an inglorious enterprise that deformed both those who ruled and those who submitted (153). Joseph Conrad and E. M. Forster were among these artists and each expressed their misgivings about the inglorious enterpriseRead MoreConcept of Imperialism1392 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true? Rudyard Kiplings The White mans burden seems to be an ironic condemnation of imperialism. Whilst most Westerners of the viewed imperialism as a necessary fact and as a boon to the savages, Kipling was a pre-contemporary in more ways than one and saw the Whites as simply one more other race populating the world. The White manRead MoreRepresentation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay4463 Words   |  18 Pagesthrough language . It is the link between concepts and language which enables us to refer to either the real world of objects or imaginary world of fictional objects, people and events. The relation between things concepts and signs lies at the heart of the production of meaning in language. The process which links these three elements together is what we call representation†. (1997:19) . Read MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 PagesInsurgency 1.1 A Passage to India and the Relations of Power http://www.booksstream.com/download.html?did=1477 http://alexandra.ahlamontada.com/ https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B1aTtQv_UQVmN1BHZ1NjNzhwNGsusp=sharing https://muslimhands.org.uk/donate/orphans/227133-nada-abdeen?p=10 --------------------------------- http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/companions/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139001359 the Cambridge companion to E.M.Forster ------------------------------------------------Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesat â€Å"nuclear politics,† which encompasses both state initiatives and popular dissent, in former but diminished national great powers such as France and Great Britain and in emerging and aspiring high-tech states of very different sorts in Israel, India, and China. Equally impressive in terms of the global range of questions they include, Hecht and Edwards look at the impact of the nuclear nations’ quest for viable, stable sources of uranium and sites for testing nuclear devices in locales as disparateRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesganja-smoking illiterates who were of no value to society. Teachers, students, ofï ¬ ce workers, and anyone of social importance could not grow locks, and families would go into mourning when their sons would start sprouting them. I heard the term â€Å"black heart man† used again and again as a means of expressing fear or ridicule of the Rastafarian. And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergence as an international viii FOREWORD star, after Selassies arrival in Jamaica, and afterRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesunderstandings of organization culture Creating a culture that gives meaning to work Developing understanding of culture Developing a ‘practical theory’ of organizational culture The vehicles of culture The processes of the communication of culture The ‘heart of culture’ A tale of two cultures How neo-modernist organization theory develops challenges in the design of organizations The processual perspective Design and development Conclusions: does neo-modernist organization theory exercise challenges for

Aluminum vs Aluminium Element Names

Aluminum and aluminium are two names for element 13 on the periodic table. In both cases, the element symbol is Al, although Americans and Canadians spell and pronounce the name aluminum, while the British (and most of the rest of the world) use the spelling and pronunciation of aluminium. Origin of Two Names The origin of the two names may be attributable to elements discoverer, Sir Humphry Davy, Websters Dictionary, or the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of the metal in alum, which he at first named alumium and later aluminum. Davy proposed the name aluminum when referring to the element in his 1812 book Elements of Chemical Philosophy, despite his previous use of alumium. The official name  aluminium was adopted to conform with the -ium names of most other elements. The 1828 Websters Dictionary used the aluminum spelling, which it maintained in later editions. In 1925, the American Chemical Society (ACS) decided to go from aluminium back to the original aluminum, putting the United States in the aluminum group. In recent years, the IUPAC had identified aluminium as the proper spelling, but it didnt catch on in North America, since the ACS used aluminum. The  IUPAC  periodic table presently lists both spellings and says both words are perfectly acceptable.   History of the Element Guyton de Morveau (1761) called alum, a base which had been known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, by the name alumine. Davy identified the existence of aluminum, but he didnt isolate the element. Friedrich Wà ¶hler isolated aluminum in 1827 by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium. Actually, though, the metal was produced two years earlier, though in impure form, by the Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted. Depending on your source, the discovery of aluminum is credited to either Ørsted or Wà ¶hler. The person who discovers an element gets the privilege of naming it; however, with this element, the identity of the discoverer is as disputed as the name. Correct Spelling The IUPAC has determined either spelling is correct and acceptable. However, the accepted spelling in North America is aluminum, while the accepted spelling just about everywhere else is aluminium.

Social Networking Addiction Free Essays

The last decade witnessed an explosion of social networks such as Myspace and Facebook, which added a new social dimension to the web. While such networks have made people, communities and groups with shared interests stay more â€Å"connected,† Internet addiction and social network addiction in particular also started being recognized as psychological disorders all over the world. While several 90? studies focused on Internet addiction, the next decade saw the growth of a new addiction related to all manner of social networking sites, especially the current king of the jungle: Facebook. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a recent study from the University of Athens, Greek psychiatrists argued that a woman who had gone as far as losing her job on account of her compulsion to check and update her Facebook, could be identified as a â€Å"social network addict. † Of course, there are different levels of social network addiction. Another recent study carried out at a Czech University analyzed Facebook-related academic procrastination. Though based on a sample too small to draw any general conclusions, one interesting finding of the research was that people tended to be unaware of just how much time they really spent on Facebook, and the effect this might have on their academic performance. On the other hand, it has been noted that there may be a correlation between low self-esteem and a sense of social inadequacy and social network addiction. It seems that many types of social interaction which would present great challenges in the real world for certain types of individuals have been rendered much easier for them in the virtual world, thus putting them at a higher risk of becoming addicted to Facebook and the like. A Mexican study found that Facebook addicts (a category defined by reportedly spending over four hours everyday on Facebook) had a higher incidence of depression and lower physical and general self-esteem levels than less frequent Facebook users. There are many factors that determine the characteristics of Internet and social network addictions in different parts of the world. The nature and scope of these problems are not only affected by technological advancement and the number of computers connected to the Internet per capita and other such quantitative data, but cultural factors are also key in determining the local incidence of these addictions. While social network addiction is not included in the DSM IV, many researchers advocated its inclusion in DSM V, which is currently under way. For example, in a 2008 editorial for the American Journal of Psychiatry, IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder) inclusion advocate Dr. Jerald Block cited the case of South Korea, stating that: After a series of 10 cardiopulmonary-related deaths in Internet cafes  and a game-related murder, South Korea considers Internet addiction one of its most serious public health issues. Using data from 2006, the South Korean government estimates that approximately 210,000 South Korean children (2. %; ages 6–19) are afflicted and require treatment. About 80% of those needing treatment may need psychotropic medications, and perhaps 20% to 24% require hospitalization. Since the average South Korean high school student spends about 23 hours each week gaming, another 1. 2 million are believed to be at risk for addiction and to require basic counseling. In particular, therapists worry about the increasing number of individuals dropping out from school or work to spend time on computers. As of June 2007, South Korea has trained 1,043 counselors in the treatment of Internet addiction and enlistedover 190 hospitals and treatment centers. Nevertheless, the DSMV V draft released earlier this year revealed â€Å"work group members decided there was insufficient research data† to include Internet addiction in the newly created â€Å"behavioral addictions† category. It has been over 13 years since pioneer Kimberley S. Young adapted the DSM IV criteria for gambling addictions to define Internet addiction. While her proposed diagnosis criteria have virally spread (to use a familiar term related to social networking) all over the world, it seems that the scientific community is not yet ready to reach a consensus as to what this type of addiction entails. Social networks have changed the ways we interact with each other enormously. One thing that has changed dramatically is the concept of meeting people. This was brought to my attention a couple of weeks ago, when I met a musician for the first time, whom I had casually crossed online a couple of times. Oddly enough, none of us acted as if this were a â€Å"first meeting. † Another thing that called my attention was when another musician said from the stage â€Å"thank you for coming; because a lot of people say they are attending on Facebook but they never show up. † This also made me think about how much time we are devoting to talking about Facebook, even when we are offline, and how many times we log on to Facebook to show our friends something, even during actual person-to-person meetings or social gatherings. Every drug has a gratification component, and, if social networks are causing an addiction, they must have one too. A very interesting study from the University of Bath tried to identify these gratifications, concluding that: Users derive a variety of uses and gratifications from social networking sites, including traditional content gratification alongside building social capital, communication, surveillance and social networking surfing. The different uses and gratifications relate differentially to patterns of usage, with social connection gratifications tending to lead to increased frequency of use, and content gratifications to increased time spent on the site. While the incidence of social network addictions in other parts of the world may not be as dramatic as Internet gaming addictions, for example, seem to be in some Asian countries, the rapid growth of social networks both in reach and in the number of interaction possibilities, poses new problems everyday for the elaboration of solid diagnostic criteria. From academic procrastination to social impairment as far as real physical interactions are concerned, diminished productivity at work and physical problems associated with a sedentary lifestyle; there seem to be enough problems related to Internet and social network addictions to give researchers enough to work on for many years to come. References Karaiskos, D. , Tzavellas, E. , Balta, G. , Paparrigopoulos, T. (2010). P02-232 – Social network addiction : a new clinical disorder? European Psychiatry, 25, 855-855 DOI:10. 1016/S0924-9338(10)70846-4 Holbova, P. Academic procrastination on Facebook. Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Herrera, M. , Pacheco, M. , Palomar, J. , Zavala, D. Facebook Addiction Related to Low Self-Esteem, Depression and Lack of  Social Skills. Psicologia Iberoamericana,  Vol. 18 No. 1 (2010). Block, J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction  American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 306-307 DOI:  10. 1176/appi. ajp. 2007. 07101556 Report on the American Psychiatric Association’s revisions for DSM V. YOUNG, K. (1998). Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical DisorderCyberPsychology Behavior, 1  (3), 237-244 DOI:  10. 1089/cpb. 1998. 1. 237 How to cite Social Networking Addiction, Papers

Marketing Strategy and Plan Impression Management

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy and Plan of Impression Management. Answer: Background/Objectives With its thought-provoking, unconventional and sarcastic ethos, Vice has been able to give rise to a number of business lines. The businesses include online ventures with news channels, youth culture and music. Other partnerships include tie up with YouTube, Intel, Williamsburg coffee shop and a London pub. Shane Smith and Suroosh Alvi are the two founders of Vice and have established themselves in the field without any formal business training (Vice, 2016). Suroosh Alvi was born and brought up in a house that was full of immigrants from Pakistan. On the other hand, Smith is also a son of the immigrants and his parents hailed from Ireland. The main characteristics of Vice are that it does not flaunt good-looking offices and encourage free flow of ideas. Vice started as newsprint as the voice of Montreal but later moved on to New York City. Vice is known to have a hierarchical structure in the organization, yet the ideas in the organization moved from top to down and from bottom to up. The employees at Vice were extremely loyal to the organization mainly because of the leader who took care of the employees. During the economic crisis in the year 2008, when other companies were unable to carry out the business, Vice supported the employees as well as their families. Due to the positive attitude of the leaders, the employee stated with the organization in spite of being offered high salaries at other organizations. External Analysis Pest Political The political condition of the United States is quite stable and hence it would not be an issue in the home country. However, Vice should keep in mind the legal structure and laws where they are venturing. As Vice is mainly dealing with the online content, the laws should be given special attention (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Economic The economic condition of the United States is stable. Hence, Vice would not have to think about the economic conditions of the united states. However, even a country like Unites States has suffered recession and economic crisis. Thus, Vice should be prepared for any such crisis and plan the business accordingly so that it is able to face any such crisis in the future (Hutt Speh, 2012). Social The content of the online videos should be given special care. As the business of Vice is spread throughout the world, hence the cultural inclination of the people at various countries should be kept in mind. At times, a misbalance in the social front, lands a company into trouble (Hitt Ireland Hoskisson, 2012) Technological The software that are used to make the online content as well as upload the online content changes at a regular basis. Thus, Vice should keep a constant check on the latest software available so that it is able to high quality video content to the people in the United States. In addition to this, hackers are always prying for any leak (Kapferer, 2012). Hence, Vice should update itself with security services so that the hackers are not able to tarnish the image of the organization. Porters Analysis Industry rivalry The existing organizations are always looking forward to update themselves with the latest changes in the organization (Mudie Pirrie, 2012). As a result, it could be seen that the rate of the rivalry among the existing organization will be high. As all the organizations are constantly upgrading themselves and looking forward to a better pricing strategy hence, stiff competition will always be faced among the companies that are operating in the market. It is expected that the competition will be more mainly because of the price rather than the quality of the video that will be given to the customers. Threat of new entrants The online news and entertainment organization is growing at a steep rate and hence, the threat of new entrants will be high at any point of time (Huotari Hamari, 2012). Thus, Vice should always keep itself updated with the latest changes in the technology so that the new entrants will not be able surpass the business of Vice. Threat of substitution However, newspapers are old-fashioned, yet there is a huge population even in a developed country like the United States that rely on the newspapers. In addition to this, the presence of television at home and at the workplace keeps the people updated about the latest happenings (Terpstra Foley, Sarathy, 2012). Bargaining power of the buyers There are already a number of companies present in the United States that deal with the online news content. Hence, the bargaining power of the buyers is high. The customers will drift away to those companies, which will offer the content at a lesser price than vice (Rosenbloom, 2012). Hence, Vice will have to plan their products intelligently. Bargaining power of the suppliers The bargaining power of the suppliers will be relatively less and there will be a good number of suppliers present in the market of a developed country. As the online news and entertainment companies are growing, hence more suppliers will come into play in such a situation (Shani Chalasani, 2013). Thus, the companies will have more choice of suppliers. Thus, it is expected that the suppliers will provide the materials at a cheaper rate to stay afloat in the market. Competitor analysis Every organization functioning at any field will face the challenges from the competitors. Some of the strong competitors of vice are BuzzFeed and NowThisMedia (Cbinsights.com, 2016). BuzzFeed is a news and entertainment organization that mainly deals with the social news. It mainly deals with the online advertising with its content-driven publishing technology. Cbinsights.com also said that BuzzFeed reaches out to 150 million audiences with its breaking news, entertainment, video and original reporting that the users will be able to share in their favorite social media sites. NowThisMedia was formerly known as PlanetDaily network is also operates in the similar field as Vice and BuzzFeed. It creates video news for the mobiles and that will attract the youth. Kenneth Lerer, Huffington Post co-founder and former Chairman, founded the organization along with Eric Hippeau, former Huffington Post CEO and Brian Bedol who is the Bedrocket founder and CEO. As both organizations function in the similar field, hence, they will pose serious threats to the Vice. Key Success Factors The key success factor of Vice is the decision to concentrate on the taste and preference of the youth and make changes accordingly. Vice has been able to provide a platform where the youth could unite and share the views regarding the news that is being shared in the media (Terpstra Foley Sarathy, 2012). In addition to this, tying up with the investor was helpful for the organization. According to the case study, Vice has been working more realistically after the investors have started investing on them (Vice, 2016). Earlier, they mainly worked on instincts; however, after the advent of the investors, they are able to work in a better manner and with better corporate strategy. Thus, it should look out for more such partnerships so that they are able to grow internally with more number of employees. The employees will further help in the growth of the organization as a whole. Internal Marketing Analysis SWOT Strength The biggest strength of Vice is the relation of the leaders with the employees (Meffert, 2013). During the economic crisis in the year 2008, the leader supported the employees and in turn got the support of the employees on a long-term basis. As far as the customers are concerned, they get high quality video content from the organization and they are able to access that free of cost (Fisk, 2013). The customers are happy, as they do not have to pay the extra charge for accessing any video. Weakness The main weakness in Vice is the poor planning during the expansion (Selnes, 2013). Vice planned to expand the business in Europe and Asia. Bulgaria and Romania could not support the huge business of vie. In addition to this, Japan, which was mainly interested in fashion, halted its partnership with Vice when vice shifted from the fashion base. Opportunities Once the employees will be happy working with the organization, they will stay with the company for a long-term basis (Czinkota, Ronkainen, 2013). Hence, Vice will not have to indulge in frequent recruitment to keep the organization going. Threats There are number companies in the United States that work in the media field. As there will be stiff competition among the companies, hence the presence of other media houses will pose as threats to the organization (Davis, 2013). While exploring the international market, Vice had to face the companies who are successful players in the international market (Lusch, Vargo, 2014). It would be a threat for Vice, as they had to tackle local companies and then launch their own business (Papadopoulos, Heslop, 2014). Market Analysis The strategic planning done by Vice helped the organization to grow at a fast rate. 21st century fox invested $70 million in the operations of Vice. In the year, 2012, Vice was already gaining good amount of revenue of $175 million. The company said that the growth already started in the year 2008. With the help of the investors, Vice had been able to grow further. With the help of the investors, Vice not only grew externally but internally as well. In 2008, Vice worked with 100 employees and by the end of the year 2013, it increased to 350. However, with the growth of the number of employees, they also had to enhance the standard of work among the employees. The leaders at Vice agreed with the fact that the before the advent of the investors in their field of work, the organization used to work with reactive, organic and instinctive approach. However, after the advent of the investors they work in a realistic manner by maintaining the culture and enthusiasm at the same time. In spit e of expanding its business globally, Vice kept a check on the content of the magazine. In the year 2013, it was evaluated that 80 percent of the online content was global and the remaining 20 percent of the content was local. The Williamsburg office decided about the global content of vice. 4 Ps People The business of the organization is mainly directed towards the people who are within the age of 18 to 34 years. The people within this age group mainly prefer to keep up with the latest happenings in the world (Foxall, 2014). In addition to this, of the customers are able to get the videos free of cost. Place The headquarters of Vice is in the United States and it has spread its business in international location as well. The business has spread to United Kingdom, France, Italy, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa and Japan. Thus, marketing at the different places should be done in a different manner to satisfy the taste and preference of the customers (Wilson, Gilligan, 2012). Promotion As the business of the company is mainly based on the web content and online media, hence the perfect way of marketing will be through the online sites. Hence, personalized e-mail will be the best-suited method that will help the organization to make its presence felt in the competitive market (Hutt Speh, 2012). Price The main source of revenue for Vice is the price of the online content, the price of the advertisement in the print magazines and through the fees that is earned by the advertising agencies, Virtue and AdVice. However, the pricing is done by keeping in mind the pricing strategy of the competitors in the local as well as in the global locations (Hitt Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). Market Segmentation The market of Vice will be segmented by keeping mind the youth and the working class who would prefer to get the news while they are travelling for business or for personal reasons (Kapferer, 2012). The division of the age between 18 to 34 years would be perfect for Vice. The younger generations like to get the news and want to see the actions that happened at the real location. Thus, the online news video will be famous among the youth as they might not like to read it from the newspapers and might prefer to see it online. The inclination of the younger generation towards the online content will help voice gain business from the young crowd (Mudie Pirrie, 2012). On the other hand, the working population likes to refer to the online news to get an idea about latest happenings in the world. When on one hand, the younger generation might not be ready to pay for the video contents; on the contrary, the working population will not have any issue for paying for the video contents (Huotar i Hamari, 2012). Hence, segmenting the market and concentrating on the working population will help the organization gain proper revenue from the market. Alternatives Recommendations and Action Plan While working in the online world, at times organization loses touch with the normal world. Hence, to create awareness among the minds of the people, one alternative for Vice can be to promote itself through a medium that is different from the print and online media. Hence, it is recommended that Vice should take initiative in television and other way of spreading the news. When they are concentrating on the younger generation for the business, hence they can tie up with the colleges and other educational institutions and promote themselves among that population. In addition to this, Vice will be able to attract the teachers and faculties of the institutions. Thus, it will help them expand their area of business among the teachers as well. The second alternative to promote the organization in a new manner will be by going back to the basics. Vice has already established itself through the glossy magazines, but if they publish newspapers, it will help them to connect with all types of customers. They can either publish online newspaper and can take initiative to print newspapers. Hence, it is recommended for Vice to explore different kinds of field rather than sticking to the one type of media to promote itself. Action plan Action Area Tasks People responsible for the tasks Resources needed Expected outcome Timeline Educational institutions To promote themselves in the educational institutions with the content video The marketing department Online resources mainly that will have the information regarding the educational institutions working in the market Will be able to make the teachers understand the importance of video news in the lives of the students and how it will help them in their curriculum 2 months Print media ( not magazines but only newspapers) Research the newspapers that are currently performing well in the market. The market research team and the marketing department Online resources that will have the information regarding the famous news papers in the market. Will gain a good amount of knowledge regarding the newspaper and then launch the newspaper accordingly 1 month References Cbinsights.com. (2016).Vice Media Competitors - CB Insights. [online] Available at: https://www.cbinsights.com/company/vice-media-competitors [Accessed 1 Jul. 2016]. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Davis, A. (2013).Just enough requirements management: where software development meets marketing. Addison-Wesley. Fisk, R. P. (2013).lmpression management 26 in services marketing: a dramaturgical perspective.Impression management in the organization, 427. Foxall, G. (2014).Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 3). Routledge. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Huotari, K., Hamari, J. (2012, October). Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. InProceeding of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference(pp. 17-22). ACM. Hutt, M. D., Speh, T. W. (2012).Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Kapferer, J. N. (2012).The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Meffert, H. (2013).Marketing-Management: AnalyseStrategieImplementierung. Springer-Verlag. Mudie, P., Pirrie, A. (2012).Services marketing management. Routledge. Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. (2014).Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Rosenbloom, B. (2012).Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Selnes, F. (2013). An examination of the effect of product performance on brand reputation, satisfaction and loyalty.Journal of Product Brand Management. Shani, D., Chalasani, S. (2013). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. Vice. (2016).VICE | United States | The Definitive Guide to Enlightening Information. [online] Available at: https://www.vice.com/en_us [Accessed 1 Jul. 2016]. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

Descriptive Essay - On Mothers Peonys Essays - Flowers, Peony

Descriptive Essay - On Mother's Peonys When I was a child,my mother had the most beautiful peony bushes in the county. The huge, superb, pompoms of white, pink, and burgundy, spectacularly embraced an entire corner of our yard. When the breeze came to dance among the blooms their intoxicating aroma beckoned with a long finger that reached all the way into the house. In May when the honey scented peonies bloomed in concert with the fragrant lilacs, dozens were gathered and brought into the house. For weeks, every room of our house brimmed with blooms. Any container that could hold water was temporarily transformed into a vase. After the flowers gave up their velvety petals they were made to last a bit longer when gathered into several wicker baskets to dry. These dried petals made excellent potpourri to be enjoyed during the cold winter months. Each year progressed this way until one summer when no one seemed to have time to tend the peonies after they bloomed. Vicious weeds crept into the bushes and soon the normally well-tended corner of our garden was a thicket of neglect. One evening, after the supper dishes had been cleared, my father and I went outside to play catch. His faded overalls showed the wear of hard work as he stretched to throw the ball in my direction. As I tossed the ball back to Dad, my cat, Inky, startled me as she twirled herself between my bare feet. I threw the ball wildly as chills spiraled from my ankles to the nape of my neck. The large, red orb darted past my father and landed in the overgrown corner of the yard. Dad retrieved the ball and tossed it in my direction, then silently walked to the garage and returned with the faded green lawn mower. With a cough and a sputter, the metal beast roared to life and Dad attacked Mom's peony patch. He pulled and he pushed until he had consumed every square inch leaving no stem more than an inch tall. I watched in horror as Dad placed the machine back into the garage. Didn't he know just how heartbroken Mom would be when she discovered her flowers of spring had been destroyed? I did not question Dad about his actions but merely followed him inside the house as the once brilliant, now dim, sunset signaled my bedtime. All night I thought Dad must not have remembered that those peonies were planted, years ago, by my grandmother. I thought of how disappointed everyone would be next spring when the lilacs bloomed unaccompanied. But Dad knew something that I did not. The following April, I tagged along as Mom checked on spring's progress in reclaiming our property. We picked at the daffodils that peeked through the cool earth and peeled a few lilac buds to see how soon we could expect the tiny fragrant flowers. Then Mom walked toward for her favorite corner of the yard. She bend over the area where the peonies had been ravaged so many months before. ?Veronica, look at these bushes,? Mom exclaimed. I though she was joking. Surely there was nothing to look at. As she rose and walked towards the house she called out, ?I think we'll have a bountiful crop this year.? Puzzled, I slowly turned and looked down at ground. I saw hundreds of tiny red and green sprouts fueled by the warmth of spring, reaching up to kiss the sun. That year the peony bushes were the best in memory. The neighbors shook their heads and declared that Mom sure knew the secret to tending flowers. I can still recall the sweet aroma of the pinks that scented my room. A few ago I planted my own peony bushes. I, too, am learning the lessons of nature. There is a time for growing, a time for blooming and a time for harvesting. There is even a time for mowing down the weeds and starting over again. So it is with people, who, like peonies, are firmly rooted in soil. We must grow, bloom and sometimes start over again when our lives have become tangled in weeds. The results can be amazing. Creative Writing

Antonio Vivaldi Essays - Operas, Antonio Vivaldi, Anna Gir

Antonio Vivaldi Essays - Operas, Antonio Vivaldi, Anna Gir Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice on March 4th, 1678. Through ordained a priest in 1703, according to his own account, within a year of being ordained Vivaldi no longer wished to celebrate mass because physical complaints ?tightness of the chest? which pointed to asthmatic bronchitis, or a nervous disorder. It is also possible that Vivaldi was faking his illness. There is a story that he sometimes left the alter to jot down a musical idea. He had became a priest against his own will, because priesthood was often the only way possible for a poor family to obtain free schooling. Vavaldi wrote many memorable concertos, such as the Four seasons and the opus 3, he also wrote many works for students. People and students still play these pieces all over the world. Vavaldi was employed for most of his working life by by the Ospedale della Pieta. Often termed orphanage, this Ospedale was in fact a home for the female offspring of noblemen and their numerous dalliance with their mistresses. Many of Vavaldi?s concerti were indeed exercises which he would play whith his many talented pupils. Vavaldi?s relationship wth the Ospedale began right after his ordination in 1703, when he was named as the violin teacher there. Until 1709, Vavaldi?s appointment was renewed every year and again and after 1711. They think between 1709 and 1711 Vivaldi was not attached to the Ospedale. They think he might started working for the Teatro Sant? Anngelo an opera theater. He was still was a composer though, in 1711 twelve of his concertos were written and and published in Amsterdam. In 1713 Vavaldi was given a months leave from the Ospedale to stage his first opera, it was called Ottone in ville. He did this opera in Vicenza. He produced another opera in the period between 1713 and 1714. Thse highest part of Vavaldi?s life was the end of 1716. In November he managed to have the Ospedale perform his great oratorio, it was called the Juditha Triumphans devicta Holofernis barbaric. This piece was about the victory of the Christians over the Turks in August of 1716. Vavaldi Moved to Mantua in the late 1717 for two years in order to take up his post as Chamber Kapellmeister at the court of Landgrave Philips van Hessen Darmstadt. His task there was to provide operas, cantatas, and perhaps concert music, too. Vavaldi in 1720 returned to Venice where he again staged new operas that he wrote himself. In Mantua he had met a singer by the name of Anna Giraud, she moved in with him Vavaldi said that she was just a housekeeper and agreat friend, just like her sister, Paolina, who also moved in. Anna Giraud was young, born in Venice. She was daughter to French wigmaker. She was?nt beautiful, though she was elegant, a small women with beatiful eyes and a fascinating mouth. She had a very small voice, but she could speak many languages. Vivaldi taught her how to sing and stayed with her until he died. Vavaldi wrote works for commission from foreign rulers, such as the frech king, Louis XV. He serenaded La Sena festeggiante at the festival of the Seine. The bad thing is that they can not date this music, but they know it was written after 1720. In rome Vavaldi found a patron in the person of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, a great music lover, who earlier had been the patron of Arcangelo Corelli. Vavldi himself was asked by the pope to play the violin for him at a private audience. He totally loved it, it also was a great time in his life. Despite his stay in Rome and other cities, Vivaldi remained in the service of the Ospedale della Pieta, he was nominated the Maestro di Concerti. He had to send two concertos per month to veniceand he received a ducat per concerto. His presence was never required. He also remained dictator of the Teatro Sant Angelo, as he did in the 1726, 7 and 8 seasons. Between 1725 and 1728 eight opera were made by Vavaldi. In three months Vavaldi composed three operas, two for Venice and one for florence. During these years Vavaldi also extremely active in the field of Concertos. In 1725 the publication of Il Cimento dell?Armenia e dell?invenzione and opus 8, appeared in Amsterdam. this consisted of twelve concertos, seven of which were descriptive: The Four Seasons, Storm at Sea, Pleasure and The Hunt. Vivaldi transformed the tradition of descriptive music into a typically Italian musical style with its unmistakable timbre in which the strings play a big role. These concetos were enormously successful, particulary in france. In the second half of the

Melation and Aging Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Melation and Aging - Research Paper Example The level increases up to optimum when we are youths and latter starts declining. Many theories such as that from Hajak et al. (2003) have been put forward to explain the relationship between aging process and melatonin but none has explicitly explained the connection. This paper will explore some of the major issues involved in the hypothesis that melatonin can prolong and bring back the youthful memories. But in my findings, melatonin is just but a drug which can boost the melatonin hormone level in our body but not able prolonging or supplementing age. Introduction Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan within the pineal. It is a naturally occurring compound and found in animals, human beings, plants and microbes. It was discovered in 1958 by Aaron Lerner and his colleagues. It is also called hormone of darkness simply because it is produced in darkness, highest percentage produced during night hours at bed side. It aging on the other hand mean s or it refers to post-maturational process that leads to decrease in homeostasis and increased vulnerability of the organism more so diseases. There has been close study on the relationship between the melatonin and the aging whether it improves or not. Zhdanova et al. (2006) claim that melatonin percentage in the body decreases as we grow old and their claims are just based on mere observation that older people do sleep less compared to younger ones. Their study also has explored other functions of melatonin not only the hypothesis but also what they termed as â€Å"a supplement to the aging but as a medicine to boost sleeping in aged people and also as treatment in† (pp. 899–907). Melatonin and Aging People all over the world wish to remain youthful and the issue of aging brings many problems and any solution to it will be gladly welcomed. Dollins et al. (2006) agree that theories and speculations relating melatonin and aging have been put forward but none of them h ave fully or clearly given their relationship. This compound no doubt is very vital in human life and one of study in the university of Granada, Spain carried out by Stone (2005) has proved that melatonin assist in controlling weight gain, also improves the blood lipids profile by reduction in triglycerides which increases level of good cholesterol HDL and at the same time lowering negative cholesterol called LDL. The general levels of melatonin vary greatly throughout one’s life span. The first time melatonin is created is when a child is three months old and that is when most people start to sleep. There is a rapid increase in the level and it peaks between the age of three and four years of age, this level fall back to a plateau and it remains constant throughout adulthood. The level starts to decline as we age up. The graph below shows circadian profiles of serum melatonin concentrations in human at various ages. Areas marked with black indicate period of darkness. By the time we are approaching seventies, the melatonin level decreases in our body to about a quarter of the original normal level when compared with time when one is young. It is thought that the drop may be associated with calcification of the pineal gland as we age

Smoking Should Be Banned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking Should Be Banned - Research Paper Example But is it about making money or ensuring good health for everyone in the society? Human beings should be able to choose life and health than unnecessarily expensive addictions like smoking and that’s why smoking should be globally banned. The human population is categorized into smokers and non smokers. Smokers are known to infringe on the rights of non smokers in the society (Cunningham 14). Their open smoking in public places like playgrounds, parks and beaches triggers coughing or asthma attacks from the passive smoking by in non smokers. The stench that comes out of the lit cigarettes also makes the open air ridiculously unbearable. Smoking increases the chances of sudden infant death syndrome (Hanson, Venturelli and Fleckenstein 42).Sudden infant death is when there is an explained death of an infant usually between two and four months. Smokers however forget that smoke is in gaseous form and therefore easily reaches children whose lungs have not properly developed. Smoki ng leads to lung, mouth, larynx, ladder, liver and other common cancers. It is also known to be largest cause of cancer deaths. For these reasons, there should be a decree that prohibits smoking. Banning of smoking is the basic move to make to show respect for every human beings right to free movement, association and right to admission to public places (Hudson 19).with this they are easily able to move freely without being scared of inhaling smoke that have adverse effects on their health. Air pollution is one the effects of smoking globally, it is the governments initiative to ensure that smoking is banned to ensure a balanced ecosystem for every living organism, including the smokers themselves. â€Å"The release of dangerous chemicals into the environment by smokers is the best definition of a selfish move† (Hudson 27). If the government is able to bar smoking, it will prompt the smokers to slow down, cut back and probably quit smoking because it will be harder to smoke o n the rise of a smoking urge. It makes sense for people to stop smoking all together because it a financial and health benefit to them. Smoking evidently is an expensive addiction. The most addicted smokers use up to two packets of cigarette daily, which will round up to an average of forty cigarettes in a day. Clearly this is not a cheap addiction to venture in. Smoking helps you save the money and spend on vacation with your family or live larger. In any case, a Wisconsin-based study carried out in 2002, 16%of the light smokers do it for recreational reasons. This will be the first to bail out in case of a ban. In as much as smokers think banning smoking is an infringement on their liberty as citizens, and that the government should not dictate how they live especially with the hefty amount of taxes they pay, it still stands that making laws that disallow smoking is beneficial to the society in that it protects patron and staff at a work place. Most employees have picked up smoke related diseases from their work places, sometimes because their workmates smoke. There is no law that [protects such people and that is why smoking should be banned. Usually in such cases, the employer sucks the employee in question and hires a â€Å"smoke tolerant person† leading to unemployment and one more addition to baseless decision ever mad because nobody is smoke- effects –proof (Hanson et al 20). As vague is sometimes sounds to most smokers, the bother of ones hair and

The book of money ball

The book of money ball Main points of the reading The book of Money ball is mainly concern with the idea of explaining way the Oakland Athletics (Oakland As), one of the poorest teams in baseball, won so many games in 2002. The main character of the book, is Billy Bean, the manager of the Oakland As. Billy with the help of his assistant Paul DePodestas and inspire by Bill James tries to find ways to rethink the game of baseball and create new knowledge that helps as a basis to measure the baseball players and determine their respective value. Billy wanted to change the way traditional baseball has been thought until this moment. He hired Paul DePodestas, a Harvard economics graduate a and mathematician, with his help, both started analyzing statistics of baseball to decide which players are the most undervalued. The Scouts tendency was to analyze players for what they could see with their own eyes and predict their future (including the way they physically look. Ex: Jeremy Brown), in the other hand Billy and Paul thought that a player is not what he physically looks like or what they might become in the future, but rather, the players are what they have done. Billys first contact to knowledge baseball was in 1993, when he joined the front office of the Oakland As manage by Sandy Alderson (an educated lawyer from San Francisco). Anderson with the help of Erik Walker and inspired by Bill James began to analyze and understand the knowledge of baseball. Bill James is considered the father of Sabremetrics (The study of truth and reality of baseball), he started publishing since 1997 the Baseball Abstract, where he included statistical information of baseball. James thought that courting things was the only way to understand the truth in baseball, he wanted to change the way baseball statistics where measure today, they were one time established by a British Journalist called Chadwick. James created a model to predict how many runs each team makes: This model was focus in the value of walks and extra base hits, instead of batting average and stolen basis. Bill James also concluded that â€Å"college players are a better investment than high school players† In 1983 Bill James also described the law of competitive balance in his baseball abstract: 1.-Every form of strength covers one weakness and create another, every form of strength is also a form of weakness, 2.-The balance of strategies always favors the team behind, 3.-Psychologytends to pull winners down and push the losers upward. There were other people interested in baseball, which also focus in the evaluation of the sport. Cramer and Palmer also created another model. Cramer demonstrated that baseball players didnt perform different in different circumstances Pau fund two statics that correlated mostly in a winning percentage that is based in the on base-percentage and the slugging percentage. He concluded that an extra point of the on-base percentage is worth more than 3 times an extra point of slugging percentage. This helped evaluate the offense. The method to analyze the defense arose from financial market. Mauriello and Armbruster created a method evaluated the defense by quantifying every event. The Oakland As got the system and analyze it pitfalls to understand in a better way the value of the defense. With all this new knowledge, they replaced the loos of Damons defense with more offense. The knowledge help Billy and Paul realized that if they could not afford a player, they could replace it by recreating its aggregate. Another strategy that the team made was to replace Giambi with Hatterberg, who later in 2002, became the best offense in baseball. Hatterberg believe that every hitter had a weakness that needs to be found. Another important part of Billys success, was his ability to trade. The Oakland As had a strategy for the second half of the season, that consist in the acquired of players whose price declined due to the reduce in cost of other teams who had lost. Billy had 5 principle rules in trading that he always applied: Change is always good, the day you say you have to do something you are screwed, because you are going to make a deal, Know exactly how much every player worth, Know what you want and go after it, Every deal will be criticize by public opinion. Billy Bean made other changes and trades, like replacing Giambi by his brother Jeremy, trading with Omar Minaya, the Montreal Expos General Manager ( Arrojo, Seung-jun Song and Youkilis-The god of Walks). The book also mentions the story of Chad Branfords to introduce a way of analyzing pitchers. Branford was an undervalue player. Paul started being interested in him after reading the work of Voros McCracken (A paralegal in Chicago) who analyze baseball statics and came up with a measure called DIPS (defense independent pitch statics) to analyze pitchers. In the regular season of 2002 the As won 103 games in the American League West. This showed that even with the lowest payroll a team can become successful. Billy bean and his new management style in baseball changed the way baseball organization is managed. The regular season of 2002 the As won 103 games in the American League West this proved that even though the players with the lowest payroll can get the best players if they know how to choose. Billy Bean and his new management style, change the way organizations are being managed. An example of this is the Blue Jays and Red Sox, who adopted the Sabremetrics science. Practical implication As seen in the course, Jeff Hawks define intelligence as predictions, then business intelligence can be describe as the use of the data to better predict the future. We can see through Moneyball that Bill James, Billy Bean, Paul DePedesta and some others have used business intelligence to understand and predict the future of their players in the baseball game. The book demonstrate that organizations with a data-driven culture and the use of business intelligence (BI) tools are able to create a competitive advantage. Taking the book like a basis we can see how Billy Bean went through a process of rational decision making that along with the use of BI applications led the Oaklands to succeed. The rational decision process that he followed was the following Identify a problem.-The Oakland As cannot afford recognize player, but they need to find ways to succeed Think up alternative solutions.-Look for players that can create value for the team Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.-Find the KPI or indicator that gives the best on base percentage and slugging percentage (measures to evaluate baseball) The process of rational decision making along with quantitative tools can be used by many enterprises to become more efficient and improve their performance finding valuable indicators to analyze their resources. The book shows how Billy Bean changes the subjective analysis to an objective one. Two important aspects of the book and lessons can be applied to any kind of business and industries: It is very important to take into account the informations that is hidden behind the business and find the data that will led to generate knowledge. Business change is many times very difficult and complicated. Is hard for enterprises to change their habits and way of doing things. The problem that many enterprises are facing nowadays is that we as people tend to relay in rules of thumbs, habits or traditions instead of finding ways to improve their organizations and to obtain knowledge through our data. Even though these organizations are reluctant to change, every time is more evident that change is imperative and analysis of the data will avoid subjective thinking and will bring success. Due to the advance in technologies there has been and increment in the amount of tools in the market that help to create analytics and business intelligence, this makes it easier for more organizations to implement the idea behind the Moneyball book. The future of business intelligence is very promising, many industries like health care, government, education and many more starting to understand the benefits of this tools and the importance of acquiring new type of knowledge. Based in a news article (Gartner Reveals Five Business Intelligence Predictions for 2009 and Beyond, 2009) the future of business intelligence is expected to be as followed: By 2010 20% of the organizations will have a BI tool. Trough 2012 there is an estimated of more than 35% of the top 5,000 global companies, will falter in the decision process due to a lack of BI tools. By 2012 the budget allotment for business intelligence tools will be at least of 40% Opinion and comments The book of Moneyball is really interesting and made me reflect a lot. Even though it is a little bit technical and some parts where hard to understand, the book broadens my perspective of the importance of using data and business intelligence as a resource to understand some hidden aspects of business without matter what type of industry business are in. I believe that now that I am on my last semester of my MBA and Im about to enter a professional world, it is really important to be aware of the benefits that statistics and analytical tools bring in a business environment. This awareness, will help me focus on the aspects of business intelligence, mainly the data gathering and statistic and quantitative analysis to create KPI that help in the measure of business performance The book left on me the desire to analyze something new, to look for patterns in everything around me, in an effort to understand the world with a different perspective and create a change in peoples life. In God we trust; all others must bring data. W. Edwards Deming Works Cited Gartner Reveals Five Business Intelligence Predictions for 2009 and Beyond. (2009, 01 15). Lewis, M. M. (2003). Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game. New York.

Global Media, Global Culture Essay

‘The boundaries that separate one nation from another are no more real than the equator. They are merely convenient demarcations of ethnic, linguistic and cultural entities. They do not define business requirements or consumer trends.'(IBM). Boundaries delimit countries. Or, at least, this is their function. Boundaries separate traditions, languages, governments, currencies, people, economies and cultures. But, is this true? Nationalisms are rising in a world that tends to the globalization. Is it so that we are all equal for the multinational companies? There are a lot of definitions of globalization. Most of the definitions (to not say all of them) are related with the capitalism system. According with Marà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ez globalization has three steps in the history until arrives to the actual situation: â€Å"We can understand globalisation in two senses. In a wider sense, it means the expansive tendency that took place in the capitalist system. This concept talks about the power that drove capitalism to go across the boundaries to look for raw material and new markets. In a strict sense it means a concrete phase that begins with three concrete historical facts: the success of the neo-liberal powers such as USA or United Kingdom (Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher), the foreign debt in the Third World (1982) and the fall of Berlin’s wall in 1989†. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ez (1999), p. 12 All of us (I’m referring to the develop countries) are connected between computers and internet, press, radio, television and cinema. We can learn new traditions or new ways of life with each media. Everybody knows who is Nicole Kidman or Gucci. We can drink a Coke with a Big Mac in somewhere. There are not boundaries for information or products. We can see the same advertisement in US or in India. But are not they different? Don’t they have different culture, tradition or language? New ways of advertisement can overcome the boundaries. Only have to show images and sell the products without words. The media configures our lives, our way behaviours, our minds. They make us. They are cultural factories. They make the perfect target to the products, the perfect consumers’ trends. The national identity is threatened. â€Å"Young people drink the same soft drinks, smoke the same cigarettes, wear identical branded clothing and shoes, play the same computer games, watch the same Hollywood films and listen to the same Western pop music.† Ellwood, W. (2001): pp.53. Governments make pacts about laws and economy. The European countries are being united in the European Union (EU). Although the citizen of each country have different tradition, they culture is very similar and is almost like the American one. These countries share currencies, economics’ politics and, in soon time, laws. â€Å"The challenge of producing and marketing in many countries, with many currencies, has fed the creation of modern international money market and currency trading.† Davis, J (1999): pp.38 Countries member of the European Union share a European Parliament, Justice Court of the European Communities, European Central Banc, Committee of the Regions and so on. The products of each country can transfer boundaries without taxes. These products are sold without differences in each country. It doesn’t matter if are German or Italian. The products are sold like if they were from the same town. They share a new globalizated culture. Somehow this globalizated culture has adopted elements characteristics from each country. In this way the globalizated culture can survive. â€Å"Business are in the business of government and governments are in the business of business.† Sivanandan, A. (1999): pp.9. Sivanandan makes a perfect summary of as the governments are in disposition of the great companies. And these companies want to make only one market around the world. In this way, they only have to make only one marketing campaign. Helped by mass media and governments, multinationals can obtain their objectives. Governments take profits of the business and help to the great companies to develop their plans. Countries depend on the others in the production of their products. They have decentralized the production of the products in different countries looking for a cheap manual labour. â€Å"This stretching of the boundaries of the economically possible by new technologies happens at al points of the circuit of capital – in production, and in the circulation of commodities and money. As companies, driven to expand profits, take advantage of the new boundaries, the components of â€Å"globalisation† take shape.† Davis, J (1999), pp.38 But in this world where culture and business are globalizated, nationalism take more popularity around the countries. Nobody wants to lose his identity. They mixed the globalizated culture (American culture) and the traditional culture. French person will keep it traditions and way of life but will wear the same cloth, will drink the same drink, will eat the same food and will see the same films than a Cyprus or Turkey person. In conclusion, globalization is a process that shows two faces: the first one shows the differences between countries and the diversity around the world, creating a nationalism and pride to belong to a country. And on the other hand shows how the countries depends on the others and there are similitude between countries, cultures and markets. In this way, I agree with the topic of the assignment: boundaries only delimit ethnics, languages and cultural entities. Marketing, mass media, governments and multinationals have made disappear the boundaries and the great differences between the cultures creating an only and great world-wide market. Reference list: – Marà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ez, V. M. (1999) Globalizacià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n, nuevas tecnologà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½as y comunicacià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n. Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre, pp. 12 – Davis, J (1999) â€Å"Race & Class: The threat of Globalism† (Vol.40, no.2/3, 1998-1999), London: Institute of Race Relation, pp.38 – Sivanandan, A. (1999) )†Racism, culture, markets†, London: Institute of Race Relation, pp.9 – Ellwood, W. (2001). The no-nonsense guide to globalization. London;Oxford, pp.53 Bibliography: – Marà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ez, V. M. (1999) Globalizacià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n, nuevas tecnologà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½as y comunicacià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n. Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre – (1999) â€Å"Race & Class: The threat of Globalism† (Vol.40, no.2/3, 1998-1999), London: Institute of Race Relation – Sivanandan, A. (1999) )†Racism, culture, markets†, London: Institute of Race Relation – Ellwood, W. (2001). The no-nonsense guide to globalization. London;Oxford – Gabriel, J. (1994) Racism, Culture, Markets. New York: Routledge

American life at 1920s Essay

The sound of bullets abroad ended, but the ring of change in America blasted as large as a bullet. As the Great War ended, change manifested America and it was never to be the same. With a stock market boom, consolidation of businesses, and an increase in buying power, American life became modernized. The automobile was introduced as it ushered in a new era of society and increased freedom. Family pressures diminished as children began to explore the world as their own through being a flapper, dancing to jazz, or living the glamorous life that authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald idolized in the twenties. These changes did not arrive without a continuous longing for a prewar era of control, laissez faire government, and a sense of normalcy. These tensions were manifested in ideas like the Red Scare and the prohibition. Although change survived, the difference in ideas between old and new ways created tensions within American society that was eventually manifested to form a new, modernized culture. From the new advances in technology and in business (1), a new culture of youth usurped the traditional voice of society and questioned the roles thrust upon them (2), but it also created a racist and nativist country (3). In post WWI, the technology in American homes became more advanced due to the modernization of America’s economy and business. After a recession that began in the twenties, the stock market boomed, reflecting the growing prosperity of America (EV 712). In the pre WWI era, laissez faire capitalism and the support of big business was how the government ran the economy. Throughout the war, the government intervened in the economy, doing away with big business, and enlarged their presence to the delight of reformers. There was an increase in strikes from workers asking for higher tariffs. After the war, the government imposed high tariffs such as the Fordney-McCumber Tariff and Smoot-Hawley Tariff, which were enacted to protect growing business and prosperity of domestic manufacturers (EV 713). They also encouraged the consolidation of big businesses, and even if companies did not merge, the companies cooperated in price fixes and markets (EV 714). Because of the given protection and consolidation, businesses were able to create mass produced goods and lower the prices of their goods to sell to their consumers which was defined by one word: Fordism (EV 714). The methods provided luxuries that past generations were unable to obtain as they decreased production time, cost, and created leisure time. The companies,  led by Henry Ford, began to increase the pay of their workers (EV 714). This increased pay led to greater buying power of the workers who were also the consumers (Doc E). Strikes decreased and unions, like the AFL and the IWW, declined in membership because of the pay increase, inability to cope with new manufacturing abilities, and the desire of management to use ways like the â€Å"American Plan† to destroy unions (EV 716). From the pay raise and continuous decline of prices and manufacturing, the technology increased. The greatest achievement of the twenties that was manifested from the new business system was the automobile. Led by Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler, the automobile led the way in changing America (EV 712). The new, affordable invention created a new America by giving the youth independence while bringing families together (EV 721). Cars created an easier way to get around, creating a more modern society (Doc F). It embodied the change in America as an offspring of the tensions from big businesses as society realized it needed this new version of buying on credit, merging businesses, and leisure time to sustain a contemporar y culture and technology. The technology adapted in this era fell away from the idea of all work and no play as workers were now able to escape their feeble lives through conveniences, like movies, radios, and television. Through this new technology and advancement in business, Americans broke from traditional ideas and changed into a new and modern culture. Societal changes between youth, women, and culture emerged in the post WWI era. The children and teenagers of the era before the war were ignored and restricted. They lived a Victorian lifestyle that meant that they were seen, but not heard. As the war emerged, the youth felt they had reached adulthood much faster than their parents due to the responsibility that was thrust upon them (Dear Parents). This shocked the older generation because of the activities that the younger generation enjoyed. With an increase in entertainment, movies and music, the youth broke traditional ties. The old tradition was to court someone that was appropriate to marry; the new idea was to date with no intention of marriage. Things like petting and necking became mainstream, and the youth became much more open about their sexual lives, a topic condemned before the war (Doc. B). In addition to the youth, women made a more prominent role in society. Women began to break away from ideas of separate spheres during the war. Before the war, women were meant to fulfil  their motherly duties by teaching others the good and bad of society, like smoking (Doc. J). But during the war, women stepped up and replaced the men in the jobs they left vacant. As they took men’s jobs and roles in society, they established a greater confidence in themselves. This confidence allowed them to stand up to men and led to an increase in divorce rates (Doc. K). Their heightened presence in the workforce made it an excellent time to increase their political might. Organizations like National American Woman Suffrage Association and Woman’s Party fought for the right to vote (EV 658). The 19th amendment was enacted in 1920 allowing women the right to vote which gave women the chance to voice their opinions and establish independence (EV 673). With their increased political influence, women increased their educational standards. More women started going to college, becoming more liberal and breaking traditional ties (Doc. D). Through the liberal ideas and the haze of post war, the flapper movement emerged. A flapper was a liberal woman who displayed w ild fashion and modern ideas (Dear Parents). With all these changes occurring in youth and women, culture began to modernize. The mentality before the war was to make a life before living life (Dear Parents). The idea was to save money, but as people began to see the lives that were being lost at the front, they started to live their life to the fullest as shown by Lindbergh flying across the Atlantic and putting â€Å"ethics† above the desire of money (Doc. I). There was much more leisure time as innovations took over menial jobs. The increase in leisure time caused an increase in entertainment, like the radio and movies (EV 724). Also, family time was a cherished event before the war, but with the emergence of cars, a new sense of freedom emerged (EV 721). With this new sense of freedom, prohibition became a joke. Before the war most of the country, besides immigrants, backed the idea of temperance and a law to stop the consumption and distribution of alcohol. So the 18th amendment was enacted in 1919, which was prohibition (EV 673). But almost three years after the law was enforced, people began to ignore it. From the beginning the Volstead Act was weakly enforced and underfunded, and New York was the first state to repeal it in 1923 (EV 736). Places like night clubs began to spring up to thwart the act (Doc. A). The rate of intoxication arrests increased (Doc. C) and gangs emerged rivaling to control the liquor business (EV 737). This modernization in culture brought upon the questioning of  truth. The traditional view was that God created mankind and everything was based on the Bible. In the 1920s though, advances in science and research was encouraged. People began to believe Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. This created a clash between the old and the new. The people who believed in the biblical ideology called themselves Fundamentalists and wanted to ban the education of evolution in schools. William Jennings Bryan endorsed this cause (Doc. G) and so did fundamentalist Aimee McPherson who enco uraged many to join her side through her charisma (Doc. L). John T. Scopes, a believer in evolution, went against this law and taught evolution to his class. This led to the Scopes Trial which found Scopes guilty, but led to a change in thought and a break from biblical ideas. Through the changes of youth from traditionalism to liberalism, their ideas changed reflected in the rebellion against the prohibition and the change of women’s roles. The idea of control was seen to be diminished as the questioning of ideas once unquestioned, like evolutionary versus biblical, were thrown into the limelight. These fears of change and control made the society into a contemporary thinking, but led to the nativism and Americanism that prevailed American thought. In the post WWI era, nativist sentiments and racist tendencies were rampant. Up to 1890, immigrants mainly came from the Northern and Western parts of Europe, Americans welcomed them and attempted to help them in the Progressive Era. But, as immigrants started coming from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia, they didn’t assimilate and the melting pot ideology was ending (Doc. Q). The popular sentiment now was 100% Americanism partially due to major propaganda efforts during the war. These nativists believed that there was sufficient population and immigrants were overcrowding the country (Doc. O). This popular movement resulted in a shift in the government’s policies to support the people’s wants. The government enacted a quota limit act on May 19, 1921 and an Immigration Act in 1924 which limited the number of aliens of a nationality to 2 percent of the population (Doc. M). Many organizations, like the American Legion, backed the government in their decisions (Doc. N). With the government executing the laws, the Supreme Court enforced them through their cases. The case of Sacco and Vanzetti exhibits the Court’s bias towards nativists(Sacco Vanzetti). More anti-immigrant sentiment was created when the new Bolshevik regime took over in Russia(EV 706). This Russian Revolution caused the Red  Scare to take over in America, in which nativists believed Russian-Americans were trying to instill communism in the government(Doc. P) and deported them through the Palmer raids (Red Scare). Along with the immigrants, African Americans were being alienated. After Reco nstruction, African Americans were trying to blend in with the whites, but this became difficult because of the Jim Crow laws creating segregation(EV 655). Even as they fought in WWI, the armies were segregated by race(EV 690). Because of the segregation, African Americans had to create their own identity. With the spread of jazz music (EV 726) and their great migration north for better jobs, the Harlem Renaissance was born in the 1920s (EV 728) which allowed blacks to become confident in themselves and their race (Doc. H). But this confidence did not help their circumstance with the whites as shown through the revival of the Ku Klux Klan, which now targeted blacks and immigrants (EV 734), and the mass race riot of Rosewood (Doc. R). The emergence of the KKK caused people like Marcus Garvey to urge black independence and summon them back to Africa (EV 735). Immigrants and African Americans were trying to find a home in the nation called the melting pot, yet they were rejected by Americans because of the new sentiment caused by the war. It was through the changes and the tensions in the twenties that changed society through its manifestations. The automobile prevailed as the leader of the changes as it increased the freedom of the youth that lead the change from traditional conservatism to liberalism that affected all branches of society, including the mistreatment of immigrants and minorities. All of these tensions felt within this era manifested in a way to make America brilliantly prosperous and live the legend of the roaring twenties that is always glorified. But it was through these ideas that America would eventually succumb to through a Great Depression.